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{
    "url": "/models/9",
    "family": "DNDC",
    "title": "PnET-N-DNDC",
    "description": "<p><p>PnET-DNDC is a\r\nprocess based model that integrates three existing models (PnET, DNDC and a\r\nnitrification model) with several additional features.&nbsp; PnET is a forest physiology model that predicts\r\nphotosynthesis, respiration, organic carbon production and allocation and\r\nlitter production for forest ecosystems.&nbsp;\r\nDNDC is a process based model of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in\r\nagro-ecosystems and the nitrification model was developed for prediction of\r\nnitrifier growth/death rates, nitrification rate and nitrifaction-induced\r\nnitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production (F. Stange, 2000b). </p>\r\n<p>Importantly\r\nPnET-DNDC is able to model soils where aerobic and anerobic microsites exist\r\nsimultaneously, as it can predict both nitrification and denitrification in the\r\nsoil at the same time (Li et al. 2000a).&nbsp;\r\nThe kinetic framework and interacting fractions of the model link\r\necological drivers to trace gas emissions.</p>\r\n<p>The PnET-DNDC\r\nmodel is described by Li et al. (2000a) as having two components: the first was\r\nestablished to predict the effects of ecological drivers (climate, soil,\r\nvegetation and anthropogenic activity) on soil environmental factors\r\n(temperature, moisture, pH, redox potential and substrates concentrations). &nbsp;This component has a further three sub models\r\nwhich predict soil climate, forest growth and turnover of organic matter. &nbsp;The second component predicts the effects of\r\nthe soil environmental factors on the biochemical or geochemical factors that\r\ncontrol nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production and consumption,\r\nwhich then contain two sub models for nitrification and denitrification.&nbsp; </p>\r\nA kinetic scheme was developed\r\nto calculate the anaerobic status of the soil and divide the soil into aerobic\r\nand anaerobic fractions.&nbsp; Nitrification\r\ncan only occur in the aerobic fraction and denitrification in the anaerobic\r\nfraction.&nbsp; Li et al. (2000a) describe\r\nthis as a dynamic \"anaerobic balloon\" within a soil matrix.&nbsp; The balloon size is determined by the\r\nsimulated oxygen partial pressure, which is calculated from oxygen diffusion\r\nand consumption rates in the soil.&nbsp; As\r\nthe balloon swells and shrinks the model dynamically allocates substrates,\r\nincluding dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), into\r\nthe aerobic and anaerobic soil fractions.&nbsp;\r\nWhen the balloon swells more substrates (DOC, NH4+, NO3-, NO and N20)\r\nwill be allocated to the anaerobic microsites for denitrification, less DOC and\r\nNH4+ will be left in the aerobic microsites&nbsp;<span style=\"line-height: 1.45em;\">for nitrification\r\nand the pathway for denitrification gas products to leave the&nbsp; balloon will become longer.&nbsp; The trends are reversed as the balloon\r\nshrinks.&nbsp; Rainfall duration, soil plus\r\nroot respiration and soil texture affect the anaerobic volumetric fraction as a\r\nresult of their effects on oxygen diffusion and oxygen consumption.</span>\r\n<p>Partial pressue of\r\noxygen (pO2) is estimated in the forest soil profile by a one-dimensional soil\r\noxygen diffusion algorithm.&nbsp; The soil\r\nprofile is divided into a series of layers and the oxygen flux between these is\r\ndetermined by the soil pO2 gradients, where oxygen diffusion rate is driven by\r\nsoil gradient and texture (Li et al. 2000a).</p>\r\n<p>Stange et al.\r\n(2000b) reported that PnET-N-DNDC can be successfully used to predict N2O and\r\nNO emissions from a broad range of temperature forest sites, based on the\r\nresults obtained from sensitivity analysis and model validation with field data\r\n(from several forest sites in the United States and Europe).</p>\r\nPnET-N-DNDC has since been\r\nintegrated with WETLAND-DNDC to produce FOREST-DNDC (Giltrap et al., 2010).<br></p>",
    "keywords": "Emission, Forest Soil, Nitric Oxide, Nitrous Oxide",
    "principal_authors": "Changsheng Li, John Aber, Florian Stange, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl and Hans Papen",
    "contact_name": "Changsheng Li",
    "contact_email": "changsheng.li@unh.edu",
    "organization": "Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, United States",
    "latest_version": "Superseded by Forest-DNDC",
    "website": "",
    "language": "",
    "systems_supported": "",
    "source_code_available": "",
    "model_extended_family": "UK-DNDC; NZ-DNDC; LANDSCAPE-DNDC; LANDSCAPE-DNDC; DNDC-EUROPE; FOREST-DNDC-TROPICA; DNDC-RICE;",
    "sectors": "Agriculture, Forestry",
    "submitted_by": "",
    "reference_url": "",
    "published_on": "2000-07-01",
    "lft": 226,
    "rght": 273,
    "tree_id": 1,
    "level": 1,
    "parent": "http://gramp.ags.io/api/models/2/?format=api"
}

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Description

PnET-DNDC is a
process based model that integrates three existing models (PnET, DNDC and a
nitrification model) with several additional features.&nbsp; PnET is a forest physiology model that predicts
photosynthesis, respiration, organic carbon production and allocation and
litter production for forest ecosystems.&nbsp;
DNDC is a process based model of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in
agro-ecosystems and the nitrification model was developed for prediction of
nitrifier growth/death rates, nitrification rate and nitrifaction-induced
nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production (F. Stange, 2000b). 
Importantly
PnET-DNDC is able to model soils where aerobic and anerobic microsites exist
simultaneously, as it can predict both nitrification and denitrification in the
soil at the same time (Li et al. 2000a).&nbsp;
The kinetic framework and interacting fractions of the model link
ecological drivers to trace gas emissions.
The PnET-DNDC
model is described by Li et al. (2000a) as having two components: the first was
established to predict the effects of ecological drivers (climate, soil,
vegetation and anthropogenic activity) on soil environmental factors
(temperature, moisture, pH, redox potential and substrates concentrations). &nbsp;This component has a further three sub models
which predict soil climate, forest growth and turnover of organic matter. &nbsp;The second component predicts the effects of
the soil environmental factors on the biochemical or geochemical factors that
control nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production and consumption,
which then contain two sub models for nitrification and denitrification.&nbsp; 
A kinetic scheme was developed
to calculate the anaerobic status of the soil and divide the soil into aerobic
and anaerobic fractions.&nbsp; Nitrification
can only occur in the aerobic fraction and denitrification in the anaerobic
fraction.&nbsp; Li et al. (2000a) describe
this as a dynamic "anaerobic balloon" within a soil matrix.&nbsp; The balloon size is determined by the
simulated oxygen partial pressure, which is calculated from oxygen diffusion
and consumption rates in the soil.&nbsp; As
the balloon swells and shrinks the model dynamically allocates substrates,
including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), into
the aerobic and anaerobic soil fractions.&nbsp;
When the balloon swells more substrates (DOC, NH4+, NO3-, NO and N20)
will be allocated to the anaerobic microsites for denitrification, less DOC and
NH4+ will be left in the aerobic microsites&nbsp;for nitrification
and the pathway for denitrification gas products to leave the&nbsp; balloon will become longer.&nbsp; The trends are reversed as the balloon
shrinks.&nbsp; Rainfall duration, soil plus
root respiration and soil texture affect the anaerobic volumetric fraction as a
result of their effects on oxygen diffusion and oxygen consumption.
Partial pressue of
oxygen (pO2) is estimated in the forest soil profile by a one-dimensional soil
oxygen diffusion algorithm.&nbsp; The soil
profile is divided into a series of layers and the oxygen flux between these is
determined by the soil pO2 gradients, where oxygen diffusion rate is driven by
soil gradient and texture (Li et al. 2000a).
Stange et al.
(2000b) reported that PnET-N-DNDC can be successfully used to predict N2O and
NO emissions from a broad range of temperature forest sites, based on the
results obtained from sensitivity analysis and model validation with field data
(from several forest sites in the United States and Europe).
PnET-N-DNDC has since been
integrated with WETLAND-DNDC to produce FOREST-DNDC (Giltrap et al., 2010).

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Content:

{
 "url": "/models/9",
 "family": "DNDC",
 "title": "PnET-N-DNDC",
 "description": "PnET-DNDC is a\r\nprocess based model that integrates three existing models (PnET, DNDC and a\r\nnitrification model) with several additional features.&nbsp; PnET is a forest physiology model that predicts\r\nphotosynthesis, respiration, organic carbon production and allocation and\r\nlitter production for forest ecosystems.&nbsp;\r\nDNDC is a process based model of carbon and nitrogen biogeochemistry in\r\nagro-ecosystems and the nitrification model was developed for prediction of\r\nnitrifier growth/death rates, nitrification rate and nitrifaction-induced\r\nnitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production (F. Stange, 2000b). \r\nImportantly\r\nPnET-DNDC is able to model soils where aerobic and anerobic microsites exist\r\nsimultaneously, as it can predict both nitrification and denitrification in the\r\nsoil at the same time (Li et al. 2000a).&nbsp;\r\nThe kinetic framework and interacting fractions of the model link\r\necological drivers to trace gas emissions.\r\nThe PnET-DNDC\r\nmodel is described by Li et al. (2000a) as having two components: the first was\r\nestablished to predict the effects of ecological drivers (climate, soil,\r\nvegetation and anthropogenic activity) on soil environmental factors\r\n(temperature, moisture, pH, redox potential and substrates concentrations). &nbsp;This component has a further three sub models\r\nwhich predict soil climate, forest growth and turnover of organic matter. &nbsp;The second component predicts the effects of\r\nthe soil environmental factors on the biochemical or geochemical factors that\r\ncontrol nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production and consumption,\r\nwhich then contain two sub models for nitrification and denitrification.&nbsp; \r\nA kinetic scheme was developed\r\nto calculate the anaerobic status of the soil and divide the soil into aerobic\r\nand anaerobic fractions.&nbsp; Nitrification\r\ncan only occur in the aerobic fraction and denitrification in the anaerobic\r\nfraction.&nbsp; Li et al. (2000a) describe\r\nthis as a dynamic \"anaerobic balloon\" within a soil matrix.&nbsp; The balloon size is determined by the\r\nsimulated oxygen partial pressure, which is calculated from oxygen diffusion\r\nand consumption rates in the soil.&nbsp; As\r\nthe balloon swells and shrinks the model dynamically allocates substrates,\r\nincluding dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), into\r\nthe aerobic and anaerobic soil fractions.&nbsp;\r\nWhen the balloon swells more substrates (DOC, NH4+, NO3-, NO and N20)\r\nwill be allocated to the anaerobic microsites for denitrification, less DOC and\r\nNH4+ will be left in the aerobic microsites&nbsp;for nitrification\r\nand the pathway for denitrification gas products to leave the&nbsp; balloon will become longer.&nbsp; The trends are reversed as the balloon\r\nshrinks.&nbsp; Rainfall duration, soil plus\r\nroot respiration and soil texture affect the anaerobic volumetric fraction as a\r\nresult of their effects on oxygen diffusion and oxygen consumption.\r\nPartial pressue of\r\noxygen (pO2) is estimated in the forest soil profile by a one-dimensional soil\r\noxygen diffusion algorithm.&nbsp; The soil\r\nprofile is divided into a series of layers and the oxygen flux between these is\r\ndetermined by the soil pO2 gradients, where oxygen diffusion rate is driven by\r\nsoil gradient and texture (Li et al. 2000a).\r\nStange et al.\r\n(2000b) reported that PnET-N-DNDC can be successfully used to predict N2O and\r\nNO emissions from a broad range of temperature forest sites, based on the\r\nresults obtained from sensitivity analysis and model validation with field data\r\n(from several forest sites in the United States and Europe).\r\nPnET-N-DNDC has since been\r\nintegrated with WETLAND-DNDC to produce FOREST-DNDC (Giltrap et al., 2010). ",
 "keywords": "Emission, Forest Soil, Nitric Oxide, Nitrous Oxide",
 "principal_authors": "Changsheng Li, John Aber, Florian Stange, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl and Hans Papen",
 "contact_name": "Changsheng Li",
 "contact_email": "changsheng.li@unh.edu",
 "organization": "Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, United States",
 "latest_version": "Superseded by Forest-DNDC",
 "website": "",
 "language": "",
 "systems_supported": "",
 "source_code_available": "",
 "model_extended_family": "UK-DNDC; NZ-DNDC; LANDSCAPE-DNDC; LANDSCAPE-DNDC; DNDC-EUROPE; FOREST-DNDC-TROPICA; DNDC-RICE;",
 "sectors": "Agriculture, Forestry",
 "submitted_by": "",
 "reference_url": "",
 "published_on": "2000-07-01",
 "lft": 226,
 "rght": 273,
 "tree_id": 1,
 "level": 1,
 "parent": "http://gramp.ags.io/api/models/2/?format=api"
}

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